Juniperus excelsa (Cupressaceae) is a conifer of ecological and cultural importance in the highland forests of Balochistan (Farjon, 2005). Natural regeneration is often constrained by slow seed germination and harsh environmental conditions, so in vitro propagation can support conservation and restoration initiatives (Bonga & Durzan, 2013). Plant tissue culture, also referred to as cell, in vitro, axenic, or sterile culture, is an important tool in both basic and applied studies, as well as in commercial application (Thorpe, 1990). Plant tissue culture is the aseptic culture of cells, tissues, organs and their components under defined physical and chemical conditions in vitro. The theoretical basis for plant tissue culture was proposed by Gottlieb Haberlandt in his address to the