Medicinal plants are an important component of primary healthcare systems worldwide and represent a rich source of bioactive compounds with antimicrobial potential (Uttra et al., 2018). In Pakistan, and particularly in the xeric floras of Balochistan, many species are used in traditional medicine for infectious and non-infectious ailments (Bibi et al., 2015). Ethnobotanical surveys from northern and other parts of Balochistan document species such as Peganum harmala, Withania coagulans, Ziziphus jujuba, and Aloe spp. among the commonly used medicinal taxa (Bibi et al., 2015; Sarangzai et al., 2013). Peganum harmala L. (Syrian rue) is traditionally used as antiseptic, antispasmodic, and in treatment of dermal and gastrointestinal infections. Its seeds are rich in β-carboline alkaloids (harmine, harmaline), and multiple studies report antibacterial and antifungal activity of seed and leaf extracts (Shaheen et al., 2022; Wang et al., 2022). These alkaloids and volatile constituents are among the primary bioactive components associated with antimicrobial effects.